Internal combustion engine



Jan. 29, 1957 KARL-HEINZ R. GCSCHEL 2,779,319

, INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE I Filed April 18, 1955 Jnvan/ar KARL-"EH2 R- GOSCI/Eb A r IURNEKS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Karl-Heinz R. Giischel, Stuttgart-Unterturkheim, Germany, assignor to Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, Stuttgart-Unterturkheim, Germany Application April is, 1955, Serial No. 502,135 Claims priority, application Germany April 21, 1954 5 Claims; (Cl. 123-32) My invention relates to an internal combustion engine of the type in which air sucked intothe cylinder is mixed with liquid fuel injected. into the air charge, the ,mixture being substantially compressed and ignited, preferably by a spark plug.

It is the object of my invention to so shape the com pression space and to so coordinate the same to the fuel injection nozzle and the spark plug as to ensure the pres ence of a readily ignitable air-fuel-mixture in the vicinity of the spark plug irrespective of the condition of operation of the engine to thereby facilitate the ignition of the air-fuel charge.

It is a further object of my invention to so coordinate and organize the elements of the engine that the major portion of the fuel injected will be intimately mixed with the combustion air independently of the generation of an easily ignitable mixture in the vicinity of the spark plug.

Further objects of my invention are to so shape and correlate the combustion space, the fuel injection nozzle and the spark plug as to permit a particularly high compression ratio without risking undesirable knocking.

Further objects of my invention will appear from a detailed description following hereinafter of a preferred embodiment of my invention shown in the accompanying drawing by way of example. I wish it to be clearly understood, however, that such detailed description serves the purpose of illustrating the invention rather than that of restricting or limiting the same. In the drawing:

Fig. 1 is an axial section taken through the cylinder and the cylinder head of an engine, a part of the cylinder head and of the cylinder being broken away, the section being taken along the broken line I-I shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the cylinder head, such view being in the direction of the arrows II--II of Fig. l.

The novel internal combustion engine comprises a cylinder which may be provided with a conventional cooling jacket 11, a piston 12 reciprocably guided therein, and a cylinder head 13 which has a bottom face 14 extending transversely to the axis of the cylinder 10 and confining the compression space therein.

For the purposes of the present invention a recess 15 is provided in the face 14. This recess extends laterally beyond the periphery 16 of the internal wall of the cylinder and constitutes an extension of the compression space. As will appear from Figs. 1 and 2, the lateral recess 15 has a side wall 17 which adjoins the face 14 and extends across the end face 18 of piston 12 beyond the peripheral circular boundary 16 of the cylinder space. A boss 19 integral with the inner wall of cylinder 10 and with the outer jacket 11 is provided with a bore terminating in the internal cylinder space. A fuel injection nozzle 20 is inserted in such bore. Preferably, the nozzle does not project from the bore into the internal space of the cylinder so that the nozzle may be overridden by the piston 12. Shortly after the piston, upon 2,779,319 Patented Jan. 29, 1957 commencement of the suction stroke, has uncovered the nozzle 20, a conventional intermittently operating fuel pump, not shown, supplies fuel under pressure to the fuel injection nozzle causing the same to issue a jet of fuel into the cylinder towards face 14.

'As will appear from Fig.2, the cylinder head 13 is formed with an air inlet passageway 21 and with a valve seat 22 at the inner end thereof. A poppet valve 23 cooperating with the valve seat 22 is' mounted in the cylinder head 13. The recess 15 has a substantially flat bottom or inner face 24 whichextends parallel to the bottom face 14 and, in the embodiment shown, is provided with an outlet port 25 for the exhaust gases, such outlet port being controlled by a conventional poppet valve 26.

Moreover, the cylinder head is provided with an inclined bore 27 terminating in the bottom face 24 of the recess 15 adjacent to the port 25. Thebore 27 accommodates a conventional spark plug 28.

As will appear from Fig. 1, the fuel injection nozzle 20 is provided with one or more nozzle openings which are so shaped as to issue a conical jet having a cone angle a. towards the inlet valve 23, the extreme upper portion of the jet indicated by the arrow 29 impinging against the side wall 17 which is preferably slightly inclined to the axial direction of the cylinder by an angle [3. This angle is preferably so chosen that the fuel jet refiected by the side wall 17 in the direction of arrow 30 will be directed towards the spark plug 28. Moreover, it will appear that the inclination of the spark plug 28 is so chosen that the axis of the same is disposed substantially in the direction of arrow 30.

From the foregoing description it will appear that my invention relates to a mixture-compressing internal combustion engine in which the cylinder space is partly confined by a surface, such as v14, extending substantially perpendicularly to the cylinder axis and partly extends beyond the plane of said surface in form of a chamber extended beyond the cylinder periphery and adjoining directly the cylinder space proper. According to a preferred feature of my invention, an injection nozzle issuing the fuel into the cylinder space proper on the side thereof on which the chamber extends beyond the cylinder periphery, such as 16, injects at least part of the fuel against the wall 17 adjoining the surface 14, the wall 17 being so inclined as to reflect the fuel in the direction of the spark plug disposed in the chamber.

In this manner the side wall 17 serves the dual purpose of forming the chamber 15 and of supplying the direct vicinity of the spark plug with a readily ignitable fuel mixture thereby ensuring reliable ignition of the engine irrespective of its condition of operation.

Preferably, the inlet valve is disposed within the surface 14 confining the cylinder space, and the nozzle is so disposed as to inject the fuel into the stream of air entering the cylinder through the passageway 21. As a result, the extreme portion of the injected spray only, such as the portion indicated by arrow 29, will be refiected bythe side wall 17 toward the spark plug. In this mannerit will be ensured that the major portion of the fuel will be intimately mixed with the combustion air entering the cylinder through the inlet passageway 21 and that, independently of this operation, a readily ignitable fuel'mixture will be always produced in the viciuity of the spark plug.

An extremely simple arrangement will be attained by so disposing the spark plug and the fuel inpection nozzle that the axes thereof are substantially disposed in a common radial plane of the cylinder. Preferably, the axis of the spark plug coincides substantially with the direction of travel of the fuel reflected from the side wall 17 as indicated by arrow 30. Moreover, I prefer to dispose the outlet'valye ZGJnLthe-ctiamber formed'by recess thu ensu in a dua as vema ssms attest- Fi St the 1.19; outlet valve will be located in the vicinity of the spark plug which results in highly favorable anti-knocking s r eert e 9f the sanens Second he ue portion rea d f om t e S Wall l mwerd the Spa k p 11g-2 i travel t o h? hi h hea e re on whe by the fuel will be effectively conditioned for ignition.

pr iple 9 t e invent on and in u i g Su dep ture from the present disclosureas ;corn e within known. ,or ql Q Iy'n tltice n ll? a t t wh h h inven i n pertains, and fasvfall' within the scopegof the :invention .or

t e li i 9 the ppe ed claims- What I claim is: I

1.,An internal combustion'engine comprising a cylinder, a piston reciproeably guided therein, a cylinder head having a face extending t-ransversely tozthe axis of and confining the compression space ofsaid cylinder, a recess being provided ,in said face extending laterally beyond the periphery of said cylinder and constituting an extension of said compression space, said lateral recess having a side wall adjoining said face and extending across theend face of said .pistoma fuel injection nozzle mounted in the wall of .said cylinder adjacent to said recess in opposed relationship to said side wall to spray a jet of fuel into said cylinder and against said side wall, and a spark plug mounted in said recess at 'a position where it will be met by fuel reflected from said side wall.

2. An internal combustion engine as claimed :in claim 1 in which said cylinderhead'is formed withanair inlet passageway terminating in said faceand witha valve seat at the inner end of .saidpassageway, a poppet valve cooperating with said valveseat being mounted .in said cylinder head, said fuelinjec'tion nozzle being adapted 'tospray a jet of fuel in a direction towards said poppet the smears portions of lj impin in again said side wall for reflection to said spark plug.

3. The combination claimed in claim 1 in which the axis of said spark plug and the axis of said fuel injection nozzle are substantially contained in a common radial plane of said cylinder.

4. The combination claimed in claim 1 in which the axis of said spark plug and the axis of said fuel injection nst l eare Substantia l ont ned in a c mo a a plane o aid cylin e the xiscf said spa plusextending substantially inthesdirection of travel of said fuel reflected from said side wall.

5. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinner, a piston refiimocably'guided therein, a cylinder head having a face extending transversely to the axis of and confining the compression space of the cylinder and having a recess in said face extending laterally beyond the periphery of said cylinder and constituting an extension-ofsaid compression space, said'lateral recess -havinga side wall adjoining said face and extending across 'theend face of said piston, said face of said cylinder head RefercncesCited' in the file of this patent NI E STATES A E 2,142,280 Mock Ian. 3, 1939 FQREIGN PATENTS 830 583 Germany 4.. Feb 7. 1952 

